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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00181_Field_frep33a.txt
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1996-12-30
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STEREOBLINDNESS
Severing the corpus callosum
leads to a loss of stereopsis in
the shaded part of a subject's
visual world.
Anyone who is blind in one
eye will obviously have no
stereopsis. But in the
population of people with
otherwise normal vision, a
surprisingly sizable minority
seem to lack stereopsis. If I
show stereopairs like the first
circles to a class of 100
students, using polaroids and
polarized light, four or five
students generally fail to see
depth, usually to their
surprise, because otherwise
they seem to have managed
perfectly well. This may seem
strange if you have tried the
experiment of driving with an
eye closed, but it seems that in
the absence of stereopsis the
other cues to depth--parallax,
perspective, depth from
movement, occlusion--can in
time do very well at
compensating. We will see in
Chapter 9 that if strabismus, a
condition in which the two
eyes point in different
directions, occurs during
infancy, it can lead to the
breakdown in connections
responsible for binocular
interaction in the cortex and,
with it, the loss of stereopsis.
Since strabismus is common,
mild forms of it that were never
noticed may account for some
cases of stereoblindness. In
other cases, people may have a
genetic defect in stereopsis,
just as they can be genetically
color-blind.
Having paired the two topics,
corpus callosum and stereopsis,
I shouldn't miss the chance to
capitalize on what they have in
common. You can set yourself
the following puzzle: What
defect in stereopsis might you
expect in someone whose
corpus callosum has been
severed? The answer is revealed
in the illustration to the left.
If you look at point P and
consider a point Q, closer than
P and falling in the acute angle
FPF, the retinal images QL and
QR of Q will fall on opposite
sides of the two foveas: QL will
project to your left hemisphere
and QR will project to your right
hemisphere. This information
in the two hemispheres has to
connect if the brain is to figure
out that Q is closer than P--in
other words, if it is to perform
stereopsis. The only way it can
get together is by the corpus
callosum. If that path is
destroyed, you will be
stereoblind in the shaded area.
In 1970 Donald Mitchell and
Colin Blakemore, at the
University of California,
Berkeley, tested a subject who
had had his corpus callosum cut
to relieve epilepsy, and indeed,
they found precisely this
deficit.